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Society and culture[edit] Perhaps except for infertility in science fiction, films and other fiction depicting emotional struggles of assisted reproductive technology have had an upswing first in the latter part of the 2000s decade, although the techniques have been available for decades.[76] Yet, the number of people that can relate to it by personal experience in one way or another is ever growing, and the variety of trials and struggles is huge.[76] Pixar's Up contains a depiction of infertility in an extended life montage that lasts the first few minutes of the film.[77] Other individual examples are referred to individual subarticles of assisted reproductive technology Ethics[edit] There are several ethical issues associated with infertility and its treatment. What decreases a man’s chance of impregnating a woman? There are also a number of sperm production problems that can contribute to infertility, including: Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles)  Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles) are swollen veins causing your testicles to get hotter and affect the production of sperm  These are treated with surgery  Testicular injury   Serious trauma to the testicles such as becoming twisted (torsion) can affect sperm production  Damage from playing sports or an accident can rupture the vessels that supply blood to the testicles  Previous injuries can’t be treated, but an ART treatment may help you to conceive Undescended testicles  In the uterus, baby boys’ testicles form in their abdomen and descend into their scrotum shortly before birth  Some men’s testicles don’t descend before they are born (cryptorchidism), although in these cases they usually drop in the first six months after birth  If left untreated, undescended testicles can affect fertility Testicular cancer  This happens when a malignant tumour in the testicle destroys testicular tissue  If undetected, testicular cancer can spread to other parts of the body  This is treated either by surgery, medication, radiotherapy or chemotherapy  However, cancer therapy can also damage sperm production  Genetic defects  Sometimes, genetic information on the Y chromosome (which is only present in men) is deleted (micro-deletions),6 which can reduce the production of sperm  Depending on where the micro-deletion is on the chromosome, this may be treated by surgically extracting sperm from part of your reproductive tract  However, some couples may need to consider using a donor sperm to conceive Mumps Contracting mumps (or mumps-related orchitis) after puberty may damage the sperm-producing cells in your testicles,  causing infertility or subfertility7 Usually, only one testicle is affected and if you have one functioning testicle you may not need treatment  However, some couples may need to use a sperm donor in order to conceive Anti-sperm antibodies  Anti-sperm antibodies are large proteins in your blood that are hostile to sperm  They can cause sperm to clump together and prevent them from swimming, or they may mistake sperm cells for an infection and try to destroy them  This can be treated using an ART treatment   Lifestyle   Sperm production can be affected by a range of lifestyle factors, including smoking, drinking, drugs, stress, overweight and unhealthy food Environmental factors can also affect your sperm quality, including overheating of your testicles, some sexual lubricants, the chemicals involved in certain manufacturing, painting or printing jobs   These factors are treated by making lifestyle changes, such as wearing loose clothing to avoid overheating Hormonal problems  Hormonal problems are rarely the cause of male infertility problems  However, some men have a natural deficiency in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), which prevents the testicles from producing testosterone or developing healthy sperm  Hormonal problems can usually be treated with medication Obstruction problems Blocked sperm ducts  Occasionally, male sperm ducts (epididymis and vas deferens) can become blocked, meaning that your semen doesn’t contain any sperm  This can be treated with surgery, or sperm may be surgically extracted from part of your reproductive tract  Vasectomy  Some men have had a previous vasectomy to stop them being able to conceive  This can sometimes be reversed using surgery  The procedure’s success depends on how long ago your vasectomy was performed  Previous infections  Infections can cause scarring or adhesions (organs sticking together) in your sperm ducts  This can usually be treated with surgery  Does age affect male fertility?

25 mg Lupron Depot IM q3mo for up to 6 months) Nafarelin acetate (eg, Synarel 400 mcg intranasal qd; not to exceed 6 months) Goserelin acetate (eg, Zoladex 3. Your doctor may ask you many of the following questions: How long have you been trying to get pregnant? The bladder must be emptied 1 hour prior to sperm collection, and a second dose of sodium bicarbonate is taken along with 16 ounces of fluid. Cystic fibrosis: This is a chronic disease that results in the creation of a sticky mucus.

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Infertility Is Unexplained

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Gracia CR, Sammel MD, Coutifaris C, Guzick DS, Barnhart KT. 8) Unexplained/other: Sometimes a full evaluation does not reveal the cause of infertility. Treatment of tubal obstruction generally requires referral for subspecialty care. The more fetuses there are, the higher the risk of premature labor. Radiation therapy: If this is aimed near the reproductive organs, it can increase the risk of fertility problems.

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When Predictions Don’t Predict. (PDF, 549 KB) The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1991. In some cases, hormonal problems may be suspected if a man has abnormal hair growth, low libido, or other indications of sexual dysfunction. Women in group II include those with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperprolactinemia. Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by a disorder of genomic imprinting with deletions of paternally derived chromosome arm 15q11-13. These rates, of course, readjusted down for the older women with long durations of infertility [42]. The male partner can be evaluated for infertility or subfertility using a variety of clinical interventions, and also from a laboratory evaluation of semen.” (Semen manual, 5th Edition3).

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Listen to Mr Brook talk about male infertility Find out more about ICSI. It also tests for a luteal phase defect (inadequate level of progesterone). Careful monitoring during treatment and pregnancy can help reduce the risk of complications. In other cases, the cause is suspected to be immunological or genetic; it may be that each partner is independently fertile but the couple cannot conceive together without assistance. The predictive value of hysterosalpingography for tubal and peritoneal infertility factors. Options include intrauterine insemination (also known as IUI) or IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (also known as ICSI). Pregnancy Caused by Sperm from Vasa Efferentia. (PDF, 1 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1988. For women aged 35, about 94% who have regular unprotected sexual intercourse get pregnant after three years of trying. The substances are preferentially used at the beginning of the cycle. Trauma Testicular trauma is the second most common acquired cause of infertility. If a severe sperm defect is discovered, the testing on the female partner should be modified, and therapy can be immediately directed to the sperm problem. The success of the procedure is related to the diameter of the hydrosalpinx and to the damage to the cilial epithelium. After injection of the sperm, the patient remains in the recumbent position for 10-15 minutes. Editorial: The Cure and Proliferation of Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1998. Fertilization takes place outside the body, and the fertilized egg is reinserted into the woman's reproductive tract, in a procedure called embryo transfer.


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