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25 mg Lupron Depot IM q3mo for up to 6 months) Nafarelin acetate (eg, Synarel 400 mcg intranasal qd; not to exceed 6 months) Goserelin acetate (eg, Zoladex 3. National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health. 3,4  Infertility may arise from male factors, female factors, or a combination of these (Table 15–8).

6 The initial history should cover menstrual history, timing and frequency of intercourse, previous use of contraception, previous pregnancies and outcomes, pelvic infections, medication use, occupational exposures, substance abuse, alcohol intake, tobacco use, and previous surgery on reproductive organs. Earn up to 6 CME credits per issue.     To see the full article, log in or purchase access. For unknown reasons, as women age, egg numbers decrease at a rapid rate. Combined infertility[edit] In some cases, both the man and woman may be infertile or sub-fertile, and the couple's infertility arises from the combination of these conditions. Female and male factors are equally responsible for infertility. 6-Mb Deletion of the Human Y Chromosome Persists Through Balance Between Recurrent Mutation and Haploid Selection. (PDF, 295 KB) Nature Genetics, 2003.

Here are Some Even more Resources on Main Causes of Female Infertility

Here are Some Even more Resources on Main Causes of Female Infertility

Chromosomal Abnormalities in Embryos Derived from Testicular Sperm Extraction. (PDF, 324 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2003. Society and culture[edit] Perhaps except for infertility in science fiction, films and other fiction depicting emotional struggles of assisted reproductive technology have had an upswing first in the latter part of the 2000s decade, although the techniques have been available for decades.[76] Yet, the number of people that can relate to it by personal experience in one way or another is ever growing, and the variety of trials and struggles is huge.[76] Pixar's Up contains a depiction of infertility in an extended life montage that lasts the first few minutes of the film.[77] Other individual examples are referred to individual subarticles of assisted reproductive technology Ethics[edit] There are several ethical issues associated with infertility and its treatment. Although 60% of patients have evidence of antisperm antibodies after vasectomy, the clinical significance has not been completely elucidated. For intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedures, the removal of certain components of the ejaculate (ie, seminal fluid, excess cellular debris, leukocytes, morphologically abnormal sperm) with the retention of the motile fraction of sperm is desirable. In order to accomplish this, the semen is washed with a solution safe to sperm and eggs, and then centrifuged to separate motile sperm from immotile sperm and other cells.

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Ultrasound: This may reveal issues such as ejaculatory duct obstruction or retrograde ejaculation. They can often recommend a counselor and others who can offer appropriate support. The doctor may ask about the couple's sexual habits and make recommendations regarding these.

Here are Some More Resources on Main Causes of Female Infertility

Mixed gonadal dysgenesis (45, X/46, XY) Patients usually have ambiguous genitalia, a testis on one side, and a streaked gonad on the other. Furthermore, as aging occurs, egg quality, or the likelihood of an egg being genetically normal, decreases. Abnormalities of the uterus like the uterus bicornis, uterus septa or hypoplasia of the uterus less frequently result in contraceptional barriers but can cause miscarriages. Symptoms of hormone fluctuations Signs of hormone fluctuations in women could indicate potential issues with fertility. A relationship also exists between obesity and erectile dysfunction (ED). 16. Investigation of suspected tubal and uterine abnormalities: 1. In addition, antibodies are present in 35% of patients with CBAVD. Algorithm for infertility evaluation. (ART = assisted reproductive technology.) Lifestyle Factors Jump to section + All couples should be counseled to abstain from tobacco use, limit alcohol consumption, and aim for a body mass index less than 30 kg per m2 to improve their chances of natural conception or using assisted reproductive technology.