Infertility

Causes of Infertility

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Infertility is defined as the inability to become pregnant after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse. The eggs may never be released or they may only be released in some cycles. Edwards; the physiologist who developed the treatment, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2010.

Affected individuals displayed more severe forms of infertility such as azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.[27] Other causes[edit] Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are: DNA damage DNA damage reduces fertility in female ovocytes, as caused by smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as radiation or chemotherapy)[29] or accumulation of the oxidative DNA damage 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine[30] DNA damage reduces fertility in male sperm, as caused by oxidative DNA damage,[31] smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as drugs or chemotherapy)[32] or other DNA damaging agents including reactive oxygen species, fever or high testicular temperature.[33] The damaged DNA related to infertility manifests itself by the increased susceptibility to denaturation inducible by heat or acid [34] or by the presence of double-strand breaks that can be detected by the TUNEL assay.[35] General factors Diabetes mellitus,[36][37] thyroid disorders,[38] undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease,[39][40][41][42] adrenal disease[43] Hypothalamic-pituitary factors Hyperprolactinemia Hypopituitarism The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies is associated with an increased risk of unexplained subfertility with an odds ratio of 1. Products include enzymes and proteases to liquefy the seminal coagulum.

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Causes of Infertility

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Alcohol: Any amount of alcohol consumption can affect the chances of conceiving. Fallopian tube factor: in vivo fertilisation takes place inside the fallopian tubes. After almost 5 years of trying to conceive, going through numerous tests and meeting with another clinic closer to home, who told me my chances even with IVF were still very low, a good friend recommended advanced fertility center of Chicago. Unexplained infertility is not the same thing as having no explanation, but rather reflects the fact that the tests performed have been normal. Kidney Transplantation in Inbred Rats. (PDF, 6 MB) The American Journal of Surgery, 1973. You can find much more information about your privacy choices in our privacy policy.

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As treatment begins, couples may experience cycles of optimism and despair with each passing menstrual cycle. 8 Evaluation of Men Jump to section + Causes of male infertility include infection, injury, toxin exposures, anatomic variances, chromosomal abnormalities, systemic diseases, and sperm antibodies.

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Blockage of the ejaculatory duct: Sperm can be extracted directly from the testicles and injected into an egg in the laboratory. Up to 2 percent of men are thought to have suboptimal sperm. As there is surplus medical information everyday that can not be cached by healthcare providers, clinical guidelines created to endorse up-to-date evidence-based practice to improve patients' outcome [6]. Other testing may be needed based on circumstances, including testicular biopsy, genetic testing, and imaging (Table 36–8,10,19,20). Temporal relationship and reliability of the clinical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic indices of ovulation in infertile women. Factors affecting Fertility Frequency/Timing of sexual intercourse: - Every 2 to 3 days optimises the chance of pregnancy Obesity: - Women who have BMI of over 30 should be informed that they are likely to take longer to conceive and will affect treatment success rates. Some causes are more common in some countries than others, such as pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Africa [10]. In addition, if a man’s sperm do not move correctly, they may not be able to meet with and fertilize an egg. If conception does not occur after many months or years of trying, it can lead to stress and possibly depression. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 4 MB) Chapter 47 from textbook Current Therapy in Equine Reproduction, 2006. IVF in action Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): A single sperm is injected into an egg to achieve fertilization during an IVF procedure. Costs for fertility testing and treatments History The doctor will ask questions to try to get clues as to the cause of your infertility. Blockage of the ejaculatory duct: Sperm can be extracted directly from the testicles and injected into an egg in the laboratory. Causes include: Surgery: Pelvic surgery can sometimes cause scarring or damage to the fallopian tubes.


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See also
Endometriosis and Infertility Rates
Infertility of Soil
Infertility Rates Have Remained Constant Over the Past Century at the Rate Of