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In order to accomplish this, the semen is washed with a solution safe to sperm and eggs, and then centrifuged to separate motile sperm from immotile sperm and other cells. Vasectomy and its Microsurgical Reversal. (PDF, 17 MB) Urologic Clinics of North America, 1978. There is no reliable means to predict whether the use of any treatment option will be successful and after how many attempts. If a lack of sperm is suspected, surgery, hormones and assisted reproductive surgery can correct the problem. Judaism and Repoductive Technology. (PDF, 160 KB) 2003. Less common factors The following other factors may also be responsible for infertility in a smaller proportion of cases: • Genetic abnormalities within eggs, sperm or both • An abnormal uterine cavity, including the presence of fibroids or polyps • Immunological infertility, whereby either the male or female partner produces anti-bodies against sperm cells or implantation of an embryo • Abnormal cervical mucus which hinders the passage of sperm to the uterus and fallopian tubes Unexplained infertility Even when investigations have been extensive, some couples will have no reason with which to explain their infertility.

Thyroid problems: An overactive or underactive thyroid gland can lead to a hormonal imbalance. Submucosal fibroids: Benign or non-cancerous tumors occur in the muscular wall of the uterus. Varicocele A varicocele is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle, which can impact sperm quality. Laboratory studies have suggested that long-term acetaminophen use during pregnancy may affect fertility in males by lowering testosterone production.

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Allocation of medical resources that could be used elsewhere The legal status of embryos fertilized in vitro and not transferred in vivo. (See also beginning of pregnancy controversy). 40 Patients using these agents should be counseled about these risks. Primary infertility is when a couple has not conceived after trying for at least 12 months without using birth control Secondary infertility is when they have previously conceived but are no longer able to.

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To avoid this complication, the circulating nurse must record the amount of distention fluid injected and the amount recovered in the suction device. IVF and related techniques (ICSI, ZIFT, GIFT) are called assisted reproductive technology (ART) techniques. Once the follicles (fluid filled sacs containing the eggs) reach a mature size, an HCG injection is administered which leads to final development and maturation of the eggs. It involves: A vagina capable of receiving sperm. Thus women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility. (Trends in prevalence4). About 25% of all infertility is caused by a sperm defect and 40-50% of infertility cases have a sperm defect as the main cause, or a contributing cause.

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There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus the more common, open procedure. Infrequent and light menstruation occurs in about 40% of women with ovulatory dysfunction. For women, being underweight and having extremely low amounts of body fat are associated with ovarian dysfunction and infertility and they have a higher risk for preterm birth. Treatment of Hemorrhage from Renal Trauma by Angiographic Injection of Clot. (PDF, 1 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1978. In many cases, cornual obstruction diagnosed on HSG represents simple cornual spasm. Some physical effects may also result from treatment.