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The main causes of tubal infertility are pelvic infections caused by bacteria such as chlamydia, previous abdominal disease or surgery and ectopic pregnancy. • Endometriosis is characterised by excessive growth of the lining of the uterus. A frequency of intercourse less than once per week results in a probability of conception of about 17% within 6 months. Ectopic pregnancy This is when a fertilized egg implants outside the womb, usually in a fallopian tube. But if you haven’t had a period in months, it’s time to get your fertility checked.

Pregnancies after Testicular Sperm Extraction and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Non-obstructive Azoospermia. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Many health conditions can make it hard to get pregnant. That is why a continuous sonographic control and also lab-medical controls are made.

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It can either be used to inspect and diagnose certain conditions or to surgically correct an abnormality such as removing scar tissue, endometriosis, or a damaged fallopian tube. Secondary infertility When a woman is unable to bear a child, either due to the inability to become pregnant or the inability to carry a pregnancy to a live birth following either a previous pregnancy or a previous ability to carry a pregnancy to a live birth, she would be classified as having secondary infertility.

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The success rate of IVF for live birth is 40% among women under 35 years of age. There is still some controversy about their existence, but if the discoveries are true, this could mean a new treatment for infertility.[71] Stem cell therapy is really new, and everything is still under investigation. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

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Ovarian dysfunction, when a woman’s ovaries are not producing eggs, or egg production has diminished due to hormonal imbalance, age or other factors. Diverse Spermatogenic Defects in Humans Caused by Y Chromosome Deletions Encompassing a Novel RNA-binding Protein Gene. (PDF, 2 MB) Human Reproduction, 1996. Surgical sperm aspiration: The sperm is removed from part of the male reproductive tract, such as the vas deferens, testicle, or epididymis. 6,8 It is important for primary care physicians to be familiar with the workup and prognosis for infertile couples. Epidemiology of infertility For healthy young couples, the probability of getting pregnancy per a reproductive cycle is about 20% to 25%. The mature oocytes are put onto a special culture medium and stored in the incubator. Clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene) The chemical formula for clomiphene citrate (CC) is 2-[p -(2-chloro-1,2-difhenylvinyl) phenoxy] triethylamine dihydrogen citrate. The sperm is washed in a fluid and the best specimens are selected. Potential causes are unknown, but it may be related to infection, vascular disease, or bilateral testicular torsion. Conventional IVF vs ICSI (Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection) for Patients Requiring Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA). (PDF, 4 MB) Chapter from textbook, Frontiers in Endocrinology: Perspectives on Assisted Reproduction, 1994. After repair, 40-70% of patients have improved semen parameters, while 40% are able to impregnate their partner without other interventions. Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disease and anemia may also affect fertility. Unhealthy living and poor eating habits, as well as exposure to toxic substances such as alcohol, tobacco and other contaminants, also have a negative impact on fertility. Investigations Infertile couples are usually adviced to start their investigations after 12 months of trying to conceive or after 6 months if the female partner is more than 35 years old or immediately if there is an obvious cause for their infertility or subfertility [16]. Treatment of Anovulatory Conditions Jump to section + Women with WHO group I ovulatory disorders should be counseled to achieve a normal body weight.