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Symptoms depend on what is causing the infertility. The most common identifiable causes of female fertility problems are outlined below: • Ovulatory dysfunction, (or anovulation) where an egg is not released from the ovary every month, is the single most common cause of female infertility. MESA or TESA? (PDF, 115 KB) Human Reproduction, 1996. Idiopathic Hypercalciuria. (PDF, 1 MB) New England Journal of Medicine, 1971.

These numbers are comparable to those of other industrialized nations. Judaism and Reproductive Technology. (PDF, 2 MB) 2010.

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Four alternatives are currently available to treat endometriosis: expectant therapy, surgical intervention, medical treatment, and combined therapy. The production of anti-sperm antibodies by the woman’s immune system can interfere with fertilization. The vas deferens carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and the urethra. The reduced release of gonadotropin is often triggered by stress, physical strain such as high-performance sports, and anorexia nervosa. Compensatory and Obligatory Renal Growth in Rats. (PDF, 1 MB) American Journal of Physiology, 1974.

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IUI increases the number of the sperm in the fallopian tubes, where fertilization takes place. Using this small amount of FSH, the patient generally develops 1-2 follicles, decreasing the risk for multiple pregnancy and eliminating the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

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This process bypasses the normal fertilization process, which may be compromised due to poor sperm function. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) analogs: These can help women who ovulate too early—before the lead follicle is mature—during hmG treatment. Stem cell therapy[edit] Nowadays, there are several treatments (still in experimentation) related with stem cell therapy. Arcuate uterus In general, an arcuate uterus does not cause infertility. Known uterine fibroids or endometrial polyps: Uterine abnormalities, such as fibroids that indent the endometrial cavity and endometrial polyps, can impair how the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) and embryo interact to lower implantation and pregnancy rates. It is more successful in women who have previously been pregnant. Medications Testosterone replacement therapy, long-term anabolic steroid use, cancer medications (chemotherapy), certain antifungal medications, some ulcer drugs and certain other medications can impair sperm production and decrease male fertility. With laparoscopy providing tissue diagnosis, and helping to achieve the final diagnosis without any significant complication and less operative time, it can be safely concluded that diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe, quick, and effective adjunct to non‑surgical diagnostic modalities, for establishing a conclusive diagnosis, but whether it will replace imaging studies as a primary modality for diagnosis needs more evidence.[34] History[edit] Hans Christian Jacobaeus It is difficult to credit one individual with the pioneering of the laparoscopic approach. The use of surgical humidification therapy, which is the use of heated and humidified CO2 for insufflation, has been shown to reduce this risk.[27] Many patients with existing pulmonary disorders may not tolerate pneumoperitoneum (gas in the abdominal cavity), resulting in a need for conversion to open surgery after the initial attempt at laparoscopic approach. Women older than 35 years or couples with known risk factors for infertility may warrant evaluation at six months. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Chlamydia can damage the fallopian tubes in a woman and cause inflammation in a man's scrotum. Because 85% of couples conceive spontaneously within 12 months if having intercourse regularly,5 it is important to identify those who will benefit from infertility evaluation.