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Trauma, previous attempts at sperm aspiration, and inguinal surgery may also result in ductal blockage. Some suggest that the number of times a couple has intercourse should be reduced to increase sperm supply, but this is unlikely to make a difference. This allows the physician to evaluate the woman for any pelvic disease, particularly endometriosis, which may interfere with conception. Cushing disease Increased cortisol levels cause a negative feedback on the hypothalamus, decreasing GnRH release. Clean, Intermittent Self-catheterization in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Disease. (PDF, 2 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1972. For those interested, we offer a free class entitled, “The Couple’s Guide to IVF”, that meets twice monthly and is open to the public.

8) Unexplained/other: Sometimes a full evaluation does not reveal the cause of infertility. What Forms of Male Infertility are there left to Cure? (PDF, 2 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Today: A Personal Review. (PDF, 5 MB) Human Reproduction, 1998. Fertility Evaluation Procedure Before the medical data are collected, the couple should be informed about the different causes of infertility, the tests and procedures required to make a diagnosis and the various therapeutic possibilities.

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Nonfunctional pituitary tumors may compress the pituitary stalk or the gonadotropic cells, interrupting the proper chain of signals leading to pituitary failure. Normal Pregnancies Resulting from Testicular Sperm Extraction and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for Azoospermia Due to Maturation Arrest. (PDF, 6 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1996. An Azoospermic Man with a do novo Point Mutation in the Y-chromosome Gene USP9Y. (PDF, 381 KB) Nature Genetics, 1999. Artificial Insemination In this process, male sperm is introduced into the female genital tract in order to achieve fertilization. Reversal of Vasectomy and the Treatment of Male Infertility. (PDF, 4 MB) Journal of Andrology, 1980.

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Assisted Reproductive Technology: Using Ejaculated, Fresh, and Frozen-thawed Epididymal and Testicular Spermatozoa Gives Rise to Comparable Results after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 5 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1995. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Occurs when the pituitary is suppressed by increased levels of adrenal androgens.  Symptoms include low sperm count, an increased number of immature sperm cells, and low sperm cell motility.  Is treated with cortisone replacement therapy.  This condition is found in only 1 percent of infertile men. Medical treatments[edit] Medical treatment of infertility generally involves the use of fertility medication, medical device, surgery, or a combination of the following. For the past 20 years, hMG and its derivatives have been the first choice for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in assisted reproductive technologies.

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This method takes several weeks and daily hormone injections are needed to ensure successful implantation. Conventional In-vitro Fertilization vs Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for Patients Requiring Microsurgical Sperm Aspiration. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1994. Some of the features include: Visual magnification — use of a large viewing screen improves visibility Stabilization — Electromechanical damping of vibrations, due to machinery or shaky human hands Simulators — use of specialized virtual reality training tools to improve physicians' proficiency in surgery [33] Reduced number of incisions There has been a distinct lack of disclosure regarding nano-scale developments in keyhole surgery and remote medicine, a "disparity of disclosure" which does not correlate with the rapid advancements in both the medical and nanotechnology fields over the last two decades.[citation needed] Robotic surgery has been touted as a solution to underdeveloped nations, whereby a single central hospital can operate several remote machines at distant locations. Obesity and increased risk for oligozoospermia and azoospermia. Heavy alcohol use (more than four to five drinks a day). This may reflect an unknown immunological incompatibility or other unknown problem with fertilization or implantation. Veltman-Verhulst SM, Cohlen BJ, Hughes E, Heineman MJ. Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by a disorder of genomic imprinting with deletions of paternally derived chromosome arm 15q11-13. Transplantation of Rat Kidneys with Acute Tubular Necrosis into Salt-loaded and Normal Recipients. (PDF, 2 MB)Surgery, 1975. Studies on Testicular Biopsies from Vasectomized Men. (PDF, 18 MB) Chapter 21 from Vasectomy: Immunologic and Pathophysiologic Effects in Animals and Man, 1979. Understanding what defines normal fertility is crucial to helping a person, or couple, know when it is time to seek help. Tubal catheterisation or cannulation: - With proximal tubal obstruction, selective salpingography plus tubal catheterisation, or hysteroscopic tubal cannulation, may be treatment options.