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Endometrial polyps Endometrial polyps are removed through operative hysteroscopy associated with a dilatation and curettage, if necessary. Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration and Assisted Reproductive Techniques. (PDF, 4 MB) Frontiers in Human Reproduction, 1991.

Whether it should be corrected in cases of primary infertility is controversial. This can result from: A medical condition: This could be a testicular infection, cancer, or surgery.

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Thus, an intravenous pyelogram must be performed once this diagnosis is made. Conventional In-vitro Fertilization vs Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for Patients Requiring Microsurgical Sperm Aspiration. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1994. Hypospadias: The urethral opening is under the penis, instead of its tip. In fact, endometriosis accounts for roughly 20 to 40 percent of women’s infertility issues.  Pain during sex: Painful sex for women is so normalized that many think it’s just a part of life.

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Treatment of the cause: 27. Tubal and uterine factors: 1. Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems. Primary vs. secondary infertility[edit] Primary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months, during which they have not used any contraceptives.[14] The World Health Organisation also adds that 'women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility'.[15] Secondary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months since their last live birth, during which they did not use any contraceptives.[15] Thus the distinguishing feature is whether or not the couple have ever had a pregnancy which led to a live birth. Simultaneous Treatment of the Wife in Infertile Couples with Oligospermia. (PDF, 4 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1983.

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There is more controversy regarding intramural fibroids, where larger ones may have an impact and may necessitate removal. Infertility in women was ranked the 5th highest serious global disability5&6 (among populations under the age of 60). If the epididymis is blocked, sperm may not be ejaculated properly. Its treatment depends on the etiologic factor, but, in many instances, the underlying cause remains unknown. Obese women have a higher rate of recurrent, early miscarriage compared to non-obese women. Some physical effects may also result from treatment. 18  If the semen analysis result is abnormal, further evaluation is indicated (Table 36–8,10,19,20). IVF and related techniques (ICSI, ZIFT, GIFT) are called assisted reproductive technology (ART) techniques. Surprisingly, the complete absence of sperm in the semen (a condition known as azoospermia), can be a good thing. Post-testicular causes of infertility Post-testicular causes of infertility include problems with sperm transportation through the ductal system, either congenital or acquired. A subgroup of patients has PCOS with hyperinsulinism, hyperandrogenism associated with acanthosis nigricans, and resistance to CC. [205, 206] This group is amenable to metformin treatment. [207, 208] Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and, therefore, reduces hyperinsulinism, basal and stimulated LH levels, and free testosterone concentration. Abnormalities may be a sign of a primary hypothalamic, pituitary, or testicular problem.Causes Causes generally can be divided into pretesticular, testicular, and post-testicular.