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Abnormal semen may not be able to carry the sperm effectively. If oligospermia or azoospermia is noted, hypogonadism should be suspected. Summary Infertility is a significant medical and social problem affecting couple worldwide. It is a sensitive issue that should be handled with great care with continuous professional counselling. Most young couples will conceive naturally within 2 years. Evaluation of both partners for causes is essential. Treatment depends on the cause, and varies from medical treatment to surgery to ART.

The male phenotype proves that androgen was present in utero. Radiation treatment and/or chemotherapy for cancer. Ultrasound can detect uterine abnormalities such as fibroids and polyps, distal fallopian tube occlusion, and ovarian abnormalities including ovarian cysts.

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Ejaculation disorders Ejaculation disorders include premature ejaculation, anejaculation (the failure to ejaculate), and retrograde ejaculation, which is when semen enters the bladder during orgasm instead of coming out the tip of the penis. After ttc for 4 years and at 41 years of age, we became pregnant after 1 round of IVF, and had our beautiful boy this past October. Similarly, bilateral obstruction of the sperm ducts can cause azoospermia and infertility. High-cost treatments are out of financial reach for some couples.

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Aetiology of Congenital Absence of Vas Deferens: Genetic Study of Three Generations. (PDF, 4 MB) Human Reproduction, 1993. For example, polycystic ovarian syndrome is when the eggs only partially developed within the ovary and there is an excess of male hormones. Vasectomy. (PDF, 5 MB) From the Encyclopedia of Reproduction, 1999.

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This sterile needle is attached to sterile suction tubing and a collecting vial. 37 Clomiphene has also proven effective for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Isodicentric Y Chromosomes and Sex Disorders as Byproducts of Homologous Recombination that Maintains Palindromes. (PDF, 1 MB) Cell, 2009. Men who are underweight tend to have lower sperm concentrations than those who are at a normal BMI. Although the XXY pattern is observed in the spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, many of the secondary spermatocytes and spermatids have normal patterns. Surgical procedure to conserve the uterus for future pregnancy in patients suffering from massive adenomyosis.(PDF, 958 KB) Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 2010. Choice of infertility treatment often related to issues of efficacy, cost, ease of use or administration, and its side effects. Luciano AA, Peluso J, Koch EI, Maier D, Kuslis S, Davison E. Microsurgery in Clinical Urology. (PDF, 5 MB) Urology, 1975. In men who have the necessary reproductive organs to procreate, infertility can be caused by low sperm count due to endocrine problems, drugs, radiation, or infection. Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion. 2012;27(8):2396–2404.   Want to use this article elsewhere? Patients generally have long arms and legs due to a delayed closure of the epiphyseal plates, delayed puberty, and atrophic testis. They can be blocked due to numerous causes, including infections,  trauma or abnormal development, such as with cystic fibrosis or similar inherited conditions. Exposure to chemicals: Pesticides, for example, may increase the risk. The pregnancy rate fluctuates from 20-35%, and the expected ectopic pregnancy rate is as high as 20%.