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Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 4 MB) Chapter 47 from textbook Current Therapy in Equine Reproduction, 2006. A luteal phase defect results in low production of the hormone progesterone, which is necessary for maintaining a pregnancy. Cortical deficiency may be seen in patients with adrenal failure due to infection, infarction, or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Men who are underweight tend to have lower sperm concentrations than those who are at a normal BMI. IUI treatment, where the sperm is transferred into the uterus via the cervix, is commonly used in cases of low sperm count or quality. Several studies have demonstrated that an increase in BMI is correlated with a decrease in sperm concentration, a decrease in motility and an increase DNA damage in sperm. Medicines and drugs  The side effects of some types of medicines and drugs can affect your fertility. Primary Lymphoma of Kidney. (PDF, 586 KB) The Journal of Urology, 1973. Affected individuals displayed more severe forms of infertility such as azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.[27] Other causes[edit] Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are: DNA damage DNA damage reduces fertility in female ovocytes, as caused by smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as radiation or chemotherapy)[29] or accumulation of the oxidative DNA damage 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine[30] DNA damage reduces fertility in male sperm, as caused by oxidative DNA damage,[31] smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as drugs or chemotherapy)[32] or other DNA damaging agents including reactive oxygen species, fever or high testicular temperature.[33] The damaged DNA related to infertility manifests itself by the increased susceptibility to denaturation inducible by heat or acid [34] or by the presence of double-strand breaks that can be detected by the TUNEL assay.[35] General factors Diabetes mellitus,[36][37] thyroid disorders,[38] undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease,[39][40][41][42] adrenal disease[43] Hypothalamic-pituitary factors Hyperprolactinemia Hypopituitarism The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies is associated with an increased risk of unexplained subfertility with an odds ratio of 1.

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Because of the intimate relationship between the fallopian tubes and the other pelvic organs and because, in the great majority of the cases, peritoneal pathology involves tubal pathology, the treatments of these factors are discussed together. Semen and sperm Sometimes the sperm cannot travel effectively to meet the egg.

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We get information regarding the woman's potential for adequate ovarian stimulation with medications by counting antral follicles. Outcome of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection with Testicular Spermatozoa in Obstructive and Non-obstructive Azoospermia. (PDF, 426 KB) Human Reproduction, 1996. The testicles will be checked for lumps or deformities, and the shape and structure of the penis will be examined for abnormalities. 0 To assess the causative factors of sterility in a man, a semen analysis is performed. In some cases, the reproductive urologist can improve semen function by recommending certain lifestyle changes, by hormonal treatments, or by surgery. Ultrasound can detect uterine abnormalities such as fibroids and polyps, distal fallopian tube occlusion, and ovarian abnormalities including ovarian cysts.

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Graft-versus-host Reactivity and Renal Allograft Survival in Rats Given Allogeneic Spleen Cells or Spleen Allografts.(PDF, 2 MB) Transplantation, 1976. Infection and Disease: Mumps, tuberculosis, brucellosis, gonorrhea, typhoid, influenza, smallpox, and syphilis can cause testicular atrophy.  A low sperm count and low sperm motility are indicators of this condition.  Also, elevated FSH levels and other hormonal problems are indicative of testicular damage.  Some STDs like gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause infertility by blocking the epididimis or tubes.  These conditions are usually treated by hormonal replacement therapy and surgery in the case of tubular blockage. RE: The Impalpable Testis: A Rational Approach to Management. (PDF, 389 KB) The Journal of Urology, 1979. Ovulation of the egg occurs approximately 2 weeks before the start of the next period. Luciano AA, Peluso J, Koch EI, Maier D, Kuslis S, Davison E. However, the . clinical management . of the infertility in these patients is difficult Source : Infertility And Sterility PPT Presentation Summary : Infertility and Sterility. In women, both smoking and alcohol use are associated with lower rates of conception and increased rates of spontaneous abortion. After in vitro fertilization, your doctor transfers the fertilized eggs into your uterus.Continued Hysteroscopy . In this procedure, your doctor places a hysteroscope into your uterus through your cervix. Many countries have special frameworks for dealing with the ethical and social issues around fertility treatment. Chronic conditions: These include AIDS or cancer. Primary vs. secondary infertility[edit] Primary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months, during which they have not used any contraceptives.[14] The World Health Organisation also adds that 'women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility'.[15] Secondary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months since their last live birth, during which they did not use any contraceptives.[15] Thus the distinguishing feature is whether or not the couple have ever had a pregnancy which led to a live birth. Advising surgery in cases of primary infertility is difficult.