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An estimated 28% of all couples seeking reproductive assistance may have normal findings on their clinical evaluation, making the unexplained infertility a more common provisional diagnosis. Treatment of tubal obstruction generally requires referral for subspecialty care. Cervical mucus problems impairing conception may be treated with intrauterine insemination (IUI) or uterine instillation of specially prepared sperm.

This may be used if IVF has not been effective, if there has been poor embryo growth rate, and if the woman is older. The Relationship of Abnormal Semen Values to Pregnancy Outcome. (PDF, 770 KB) Chapter 10 from textbook, 1992. A woman of reproductive age who is using artificial insemination to conceive (with either partner or donor sperm) after 6 failed trials. Consider earlier referral to infertility specialists where: - the woman is aged 36 years or over. - there is a known clinical cause of infertility or a history of predisposing factors for infertility. - treatment is planned that may result in infertility (such as treatment for cancer). - People who are concerned about their fertility and who are known to have chronic viral infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C or HIV.

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Treatment of Female Infertility: Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is a term used to collectively describe a number of noncoital methods of conception that treat causes of infertility not responsive to conventional methods. It's used to remove polyps and fibroid tumors, divide scar tissue, and open up blocked tubes. Cortical deficiency may be seen in patients with adrenal failure due to infection, infarction, or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

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According to ESHRE recommendations, couples with an estimated live birth rate of 40% or higher per year are encouraged to continue aiming for a spontaneous pregnancy.[66] Treatment methods for infertility may be grouped as medical or complementary and alternative treatments. Infertility tests for women A woman will undergo a general physical examination, and the doctor will ask about her medical history, medications, menstruation cycle, and sexual habits. WHO categorizes ovulatory disorders into three groups: group I is caused by hypothalamic pituitary failure (10%), group II results from dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (85%), and group III is caused by ovarian failure (5%). Successful Pregnancy and Delivery after Calcium Ionophore Oocyte Activation in a Normozoospermic Patient with Previous Failed Fertilization after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 57 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2003. Recent Advances in Male Reproductive Surgery. (PDF, 10 MB) Chapter 13 from Annual Progress in Reproductive Medicine, 1993.

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22 Treatment of Male Infertility Jump to section + Underlying etiology determines the therapeutic course, although male infertility is unexplained in 40% to 50% of cases. The introduction in 1990 of a laparoscopic clip applier with twenty automatically advancing clips (rather than a single load clip applier that would have to be taken out, reloaded and reintroduced for each clip application) made general surgeons more comfortable with making the leap to laparoscopic cholecystectomies (gall bladder removal). Although 60% of patients have evidence of antisperm antibodies after vasectomy, the clinical significance has not been completely elucidated. If the tubes are blocked, the sperm cannot travel into and out of the penis making it impossible for the sperm to ever meet with and fertilize an egg. It is a new opportunity, not only for partners with lack of gamets, but also for homosexuals and single people who wants to have offspring. It causes a blood stasis that raises the temperature of the scrotum. Other medical techniques are e.g. tuboplasty, assisted hatching, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Implantation: the process when the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall. For example, endometriosis can cause infertility with the growth of endometrial tissue in the Fallopian tubes or around the ovaries.