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The percentage of body fat should be greater than 22% to permit regular ovulatory cycles. In this case synthetic FSH by injection or Clomid (Clomiphene citrate) via a pill can be given to stimulate follicles to mature in the ovaries. Estimating the prevalence of infertility in Canada [published correction appears in Hum Reprod. However, early referral of infertile couples to a dedicated specialist infertility clinic may be indicated to increase their chance of pregnancy (Table ). Successful Pregnancy after Microsurgical Transplantation of an Intact Ovary. (PDF, 438 KB) The New England Journal of Medicine, 2008.

Surgical sperm aspiration: The sperm is removed from part of the male reproductive tract, such as the vas deferens, testicle, or epididymis. In this case, your doctor may recommend surgically extracting sperm from part of your reproductive tract to help you to conceive. Microsurgical Aspects of Varicocele. (PDF, 9 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1979. There are also a number of sperm production problems that can contribute to infertility, including: Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles)  Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles) are swollen veins causing your testicles to get hotter and affect the production of sperm  These are treated with surgery  Testicular injury   Serious trauma to the testicles such as becoming twisted (torsion) can affect sperm production  Damage from playing sports or an accident can rupture the vessels that supply blood to the testicles  Previous injuries can’t be treated, but an ART treatment may help you to conceive Undescended testicles  In the uterus, baby boys’ testicles form in their abdomen and descend into their scrotum shortly before birth  Some men’s testicles don’t descend before they are born (cryptorchidism), although in these cases they usually drop in the first six months after birth  If left untreated, undescended testicles can affect fertility Testicular cancer  This happens when a malignant tumour in the testicle destroys testicular tissue  If undetected, testicular cancer can spread to other parts of the body  This is treated either by surgery, medication, radiotherapy or chemotherapy  However, cancer therapy can also damage sperm production  Genetic defects  Sometimes, genetic information on the Y chromosome (which is only present in men) is deleted (micro-deletions),6 which can reduce the production of sperm  Depending on where the micro-deletion is on the chromosome, this may be treated by surgically extracting sperm from part of your reproductive tract  However, some couples may need to consider using a donor sperm to conceive Mumps Contracting mumps (or mumps-related orchitis) after puberty may damage the sperm-producing cells in your testicles,  causing infertility or subfertility7 Usually, only one testicle is affected and if you have one functioning testicle you may not need treatment  However, some couples may need to use a sperm donor in order to conceive Anti-sperm antibodies  Anti-sperm antibodies are large proteins in your blood that are hostile to sperm  They can cause sperm to clump together and prevent them from swimming, or they may mistake sperm cells for an infection and try to destroy them  This can be treated using an ART treatment   Lifestyle   Sperm production can be affected by a range of lifestyle factors, including smoking, drinking, drugs, stress, overweight and unhealthy food Environmental factors can also affect your sperm quality, including overheating of your testicles, some sexual lubricants, the chemicals involved in certain manufacturing, painting or printing jobs   These factors are treated by making lifestyle changes, such as wearing loose clothing to avoid overheating Hormonal problems  Hormonal problems are rarely the cause of male infertility problems  However, some men have a natural deficiency in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), which prevents the testicles from producing testosterone or developing healthy sperm  Hormonal problems can usually be treated with medication Obstruction problems Blocked sperm ducts  Occasionally, male sperm ducts (epididymis and vas deferens) can become blocked, meaning that your semen doesn’t contain any sperm  This can be treated with surgery, or sperm may be surgically extracted from part of your reproductive tract  Vasectomy  Some men have had a previous vasectomy to stop them being able to conceive  This can sometimes be reversed using surgery  The procedure’s success depends on how long ago your vasectomy was performed  Previous infections  Infections can cause scarring or adhesions (organs sticking together) in your sperm ducts  This can usually be treated with surgery  Does age affect male fertility? Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for poor semen quality: a case-referent study. Alcohol: Any amount of alcohol consumption can affect the chances of conceiving.

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Whether it should be corrected in cases of primary infertility is controversial. In order to conceive, your sperm must be:  Highly concentrated — normally, there should be at least 15 million sperm in every ml of semen5  Moving well (motile) — a lashing tail helps your sperm to swim to your partner’s egg  Normally shaped — healthy sperm should be shaped like a streamlined tadpole  You may find that your semen contains a very low number of sperm (oligozoospermia), or no sperm at all (azoospermia). The gonadotropins in these formulations are FSH, and in some cases, a combination of FSH and LH (luteinizing hormone). 5°F above the basal level) induced by the early secretion of progesterone.

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Your doctor will analyze your semen analysis carefully and help you decide if ICSI is an appropriate treatment for you. ART techniques generally start with stimulating the ovaries to increase egg production. Once a follicle containing an egg reaches a mature size, another hormone injection called HCG is often given to mimic the natural LH surge that occurs at the time of ovulation. According to the literature survey, the most common causes of infertility are: male factor [5,7-9,13-15] such as sperm abnormalities [9,13,15], female factor [7-9,14-16] such as ovulation dysfunction [7,8] and tubal pathology [7-9], combined male and female factors [7,9,14,15] and unexplained infertility; where no obvious cause could be detected [7-9]. Twelve months is the lower reference limit for Time to Pregnancy (TTP) by the World Health Organization.[7] a woman over 35 has not conceived after six months of contraceptive-free sexual intercourse.

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8,33,35,36 Lastly, in vitro fertilization, with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection, is the mainstay of assisted reproductive technology for male factor infertility. In men who have the necessary reproductive organs to procreate, infertility can be caused by low sperm count due to endocrine problems, drugs, radiation, or infection. The Treatment of Azoospermia with Surgery and ICSI. (PDF, 4 MB) Chapter 10 from Male Fertility & Infertility, 1998. Source : Infertility In Men And Women With Cf PPT Presentation Summary : Infertility in Men and Women with CF Julia Broaddus March 15, 2006 Infertility Inability to conceive after a year of trying 33% -33%-15% Female Infertility Source : Embryo cryopreservation (via ovulation induction) Oocyte cryopreservation. You can find much more information about your privacy choices in our privacy policy. Some diseases: Conditions that are sometimes linked to lower fertility in males are anemia, Cushing's syndrome, diabetes, and thyroid disease. The main symptom of infertility is not getting pregnant.