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For patients wishing to conceive, the medical approach is not indicated, as it delays treatment for infertility. Primary infertility is when a couple has not conceived after trying for at least 12 months without using birth control Secondary infertility is when they have previously conceived but are no longer able to. It is specially oriented for cancer patients, whose sperm is destroyed due to the gonadotoxic treatment they are submitted to.[70] Ovaric stem cells: it is thought that women have a finite number of follicles from the very beginning. Functional sperm that are present may have a normal karyotype. Simultaneous Treatment of the Wife in Infertile Couples with Oligospermia. (PDF, 4 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1983. The likelihood of fertilization improves significantly for men with low sperm concentrations.

Medications Testosterone replacement therapy, long-term anabolic steroid use, cancer medications (chemotherapy), certain antifungal medications, some ulcer drugs and certain other medications can impair sperm production and decrease male fertility. Author disclosure: No relevant financial affiliations.

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They can often recommend a counselor and others who can offer appropriate support. In my case, the inability to conceive was the result of a condition called stage 4 endometriosis.

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ARTICLES FROM THE 1990s Microsurgery, Andrology, and Its Role in IVF. (PDF, 6 MB) Chapter in text book, Advances in Assisted Reproductive Technology, 1990. Helping our patients develop a deep understanding of their fertility options will make the process smoother. Trastuzumab Clomifen Donepezol Setralin Venlafaxin Do you want to learn even more? Studies on Testicular Biopsies from Vasectomized Men. (PDF, 18 MB) Chapter 21 from Vasectomy: Immunologic and Pathophysiologic Effects in Animals and Man, 1979. This is caused by hormonal issues like thyroid hypo- or hyperfunction, hyperprolactinemia, or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) — all of which can lead to infertility.  Absence of periods: Temporary life stress or overexercising may cause you to occasionally skip a period.

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Diagnosis and Management of Hypogonadism, Infertility, and Impotence. (PDF, 13 MB) Chapter 22 of textbook,Male Reproductive Dysfunction, 1986. Hereditary causes: due to chromosome or genetic abnormalities. The Effect of Female Age and Ovarian Reserve on Pregnancy Rate in Male Infertility: Treatment of Azoospermia with Sperm Retrieval and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 66 KB) Human Reproduction, 1997. Placenta Percreta Invading Bladder. (PDF, 2 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1973. In reproductive medicine, the most common surgical procedures are laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and abdominal myomectomy (removal of uterine fibroids). For women, being underweight and having extremely low amounts of body fat are associated with ovarian dysfunction and infertility and they have a higher risk for preterm birth. If a blockage is present, surgery may be necessary. Men should undergo evaluation with a semen analysis. Medical conditions Some medical conditions can affect fertility. The ovulation induction agents used include clomiphene citrate, hMG, hCG, recombinant FSH, and recombinant LH. Cervical factors are also thought to play a minor role, although they are rarely the sole cause. The use of aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction in premenopausal women is controversial due to the possibility of fetal toxicity and fetal malformations raised by one abstract. [172] However, 2 subsequent publications have shown no evidence of fetal malformations with the letrozole and no difference in birthweight compared with spontaneous conceptions. [173, 174] Furthermore, based on the half-life of each drug, administration in the early follicular phase should result in clearance of the aromatase inhibitors before implantation takes place. The Fate of Non-absorbable Intraureteral Suture. (PDF, 233 KB) The Journal of Urology, 1973.