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Sperm production problems One of the most common causes of male infertility is problems with sperm production. Infertility may be caused by blockage of the Fallopian tube due to malformations, infections such as chlamydia or scar tissue. RE: The Impalpable Testis: A Rational Approach to Management. (PDF, 389 KB) The Journal of Urology, 1979. Clark AM, Thornley B, Tomlinson L, Galletley C, Norman RJ.

IVF treatment may be suggested if IUI is not successful or appropriate, or if female infertility is a contributing problem. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection and Infertility. (PDF, 53 KB) Nature Genetics, 2001. Tubal occlusion A tubal occlusion means there is a blockage in the fallopian tube. IUI is more commonly done when the man has a low sperm count, decreased sperm motility, or when infertility does not have an identifiable cause.

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No consensus exists as to whether the medical treatment should precede surgery or vice versa. [154, 155, 156] Those who prefer medical treatment first argue that the size of the endometriosis decreases; therefore, surgery will be easier and shorter. Electric or vibratory stimulation to achieve ejaculation: Ejaculation is achieved with electric or vibratory stimulation. For a man to be fertile, the testicles must produce enough healthy sperm to be ejaculated effectively into the woman's vagina. Thalassemia Patients with thalassemia have ineffective erythropoiesis and undergo multiple blood transfusions. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for poor semen quality: a case-referent study. 50% are female causes with 25% being due to anovulation and 25% tubal problems/other.[74] In Sweden, approximately 10% of couples wanting children are infertile.[75] In approximately one third of these cases the man is the factor, in one third the woman is the factor, and in the remaining third the infertility is a product of factors on both parts.

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Unlike women, whose fertility significantly declines after the age of 35, men’s fertility doesn’t decline until they are much older. Group I: hypothalamic pituitary failure (hypothalamic amenorrhoea or hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism). Hence the ability to conceive a normal pregnancy decreases from when a woman is in her early 30s into her 40s. Fertility Evaluation: General and Sexual History A detailed history includes: General history  This includes occupation and background, use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs, earlier diseases, history of abdominal surgery and earlier infections.

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Cholesterol One study has found that high cholesterol levels may have an impact on fertility in women. Causes include: Surgery: Pelvic surgery can sometimes cause scarring or damage to the fallopian tubes. However, if the cycle lasts from 21 to 35 days, it’s still considered normal, as long it is consistent. Fallopian tubes that are patent and will function to permit the sperm and ovum to meet and allow migration of the conceptus to the uterus. If left untreated, infections like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and mycoplasma can eventually lead to infertility.  The reproductive process In order to successfully conceive, certain reproductive steps must occur, and they are as follows: One of the ovaries releases a mature egg. It is often defined as not conceiving after 12 months of regular sexual intercourse without the use of birth control. Image: “ICSI of marmoset oocytes after in vitro maturation.” by openi. Varicoceles are generally asymptomatic, and most men with varicoceles do not have infertility or testicular atrophy. Author disclosure: No relevant financial affiliations. The farther from the scrotum, and the longer duration that the testicle resides outside the scrotum, the greater the likelihood of infertility.