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Assisted conception The following methods are currently available for assisted conception. However, in our modern era, women are delaying child birth until their thirties and forties, which has lead to the discovery of the adverse effect of advanced maternal age on egg function. A variety of disorders ranging from hormonal disturbances to physical problems, to psychological problems can cause male infertility.  Although many treatment options are now available, in many cases treatment will not work.  In many instances, male infertility is caused by testicular damage resulting in an inability of the testicle to produce sperm.  Once damaged, the testicle will not usually regain its sperm-making capabilities; this aspect of male infertility is analogous to menopause (though not natural like menopause) for women and cannot usually be treated.  Despite medicine�s limited ability to treat male infertility, many successful treatment options are available for its many causes.  Besides testicular damage, the main causes of male infertility are low sperm production and poor sperm quality.   The Causes of Male Infertility Male infertility has many causes--from hormonal imbalances, to physical problems, to psychological and/or behavioral problems.  Moreover, fertility reflects a man�s �overall� health.  Men who live a healthy lifestyle are more likely to produce healthy sperm.  The following list highlights some lifestyle choices that negatively impact male fertility--it is not all-inclusive: · Smoking--significantly decreases both sperm count and sperm cell motility. · Prolonged use of marijuana and other recreational drugs. · Chronic alcohol abuse. · Anabolic steroid use--causes testicular shrinkage and infertility. · Overly intense exercise--produces high levels of adrenal steroid hormones which cause a    testosterone deficiency resulting in infertility. · Inadequate vitamin C and Zinc in the diet. · Tight underwear--increases scrotal temperature which results in decreased sperm production. · Exposure to environmental hazards and toxins such as pesticides, lead, paint, radiation, radioactive   substances, mercury,  benzene, boron, and heavy metals · Malnutrition and anemia. · Excessive stress! Unlike female infertility (where irregular periods may hint at a problem), obvious symptoms are not common with male infertility. Small or firm testicles could indicate potential issues that should be explored by a medical practitioner. The 2 techniques are the Strassman metroplasty and the Jones metroplasty.

The Treatment of Azoospermia with Surgery and ICSI. (PDF, 4 MB) Chapter 10 from Male Fertility & Infertility, 1998. The stimulation of follicular maturation is continued with HMG or FSH. Enzymatic Digestion of Testicular Tissue May Rescue the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycle in Some Patients with Non-obstructive Azoospermia. (PDF, 66 KB) Human Reproduction, 1998. Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: a new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair. Once a follicle containing an egg reaches a mature size, another hormone injection called HCG is often given to mimic the natural LH surge that occurs at the time of ovulation. Extra Renal Function in Patients with Duplication Anomaly: Obligatory and Compensatory Renal Growth. (PDF, 1 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1974.

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Endometriosis (especially if chronic), uterine fibroids (myomas), or an abnormally-shaped uterus might interfere with conception as well.  Age  As women grow older, it usually becomes more challenging for them to conceive. Algorithm for infertility evaluation. (ART = assisted reproductive technology.) Lifestyle Factors Jump to section + All couples should be counseled to abstain from tobacco use, limit alcohol consumption, and aim for a body mass index less than 30 kg per m2 to improve their chances of natural conception or using assisted reproductive technology. However, if you haven’t had your period in months, it might be a good idea to seek medical advice.  Heavy and/or painful periods: Periods that hamper your daily activity may be a symptom of fibroids in the uterus or endometriosis. For in-vitro fertilization, a 100,000 of sperm are necessary and, for the intracytoplasmatic sperm injection, only a few sperms are required. In this case synthetic FSH by injection or Clomid (Clomiphene citrate) via a pill can be given to stimulate follicles to mature in the ovaries. Gonadotrophins for idiopathic male factor subfertility.

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Once a follicle containing an egg reaches a mature size, another hormone injection called HCG is often given to mimic the natural LH surge that occurs at the time of ovulation. Hjollund NH, Storgaard L, Ernst E, Bonde JP, Olsen J. In-vitro fertilization and donor insemination are major procedures involved. Approximately 4 million (9%) men aged 25–44 years reported that they or their partner had consulted a doctor for advice, testing, or treatment for infertility during their lifetime (4).

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Human chorionic gonadotropin (Ovidrel, Pregnyl): Used together with clomiphene, hMG, and FSH, this can stimulate the follicle to ovulate. Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa are also associated with extremely low BMI. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection and Infertility. (PDF, 53 KB) Nature Genetics, 2001. However, the presence of fibroids alone doesn’t necessarily cause infertility or predispose a woman to pregnancy loss. The search included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and systematic reviews. In vitro fertilization[edit] IVF is the most commonly used ART. Obesity and increased risk for oligozoospermia and azoospermia. However, future pregnancy is possible with the other ovary and tube. Terra Cotta Ave (Rte 176) Suite 118 Crystal Lake, IL 60014 Phone: (815) 356-1818 Fax: (815) 356-1866 4920 N. Ap cells mature into B spermatogonia, which then undergo mitotic division to become primary spermatocytes, which are recognized by their large centrally located nuclei and beaded chromatin. Fertility Evaluation: Obstetric and Gynecological History The obstetric and gynecological history should include: Reproductive history (children, mode of delivery, prematurity, stillbirth, extrauterine pregnancy, spontaneous and induced abortion, fertility and infertility in earlier relationships).