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Ongoing Pregnancies and Birth after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection with Frozen-thawed Epididymal Spermatozoa. (PDF, 442 KB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Uterine fibroids Fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus. Treatment of Uterine Factors Until in vitro fertilization became available, a patient with congenital absence of the uterus and vagina (Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome) had no chance to have a biologic child.

Surgery for hydrosalpinges before in-vitro fertilization treatment: Laparoscopic salpingectomy or disconnection of both tubes improve IVF/ICSI success rates. As treatment begins, couples may experience cycles of optimism and despair with each passing menstrual cycle. Such tissue growth and its surgical removal can cause scarring and prevent fertilization.  Uterine and cervical causes  Problems in the uterus or cervix may also affect fertility. Tubal occlusion A tubal occlusion means there is a blockage in the fallopian tube. Infertility is defined as the inability to become pregnant after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse. Unhealthy living and poor eating habits, as well as exposure to toxic substances such as alcohol, tobacco and other contaminants, also have a negative impact on fertility.

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In ZIFT, your doctor places the fertilized eggs -- at this stage called zygotes -- into your fallopian tubes within 24 hours. Testosterone and estradiol function as feedback inhibitors of gonadotropin release. Primary vs. secondary infertility[edit] Primary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months, during which they have not used any contraceptives.[14] The World Health Organisation also adds that 'women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility'.[15] Secondary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months since their last live birth, during which they did not use any contraceptives.[15] Thus the distinguishing feature is whether or not the couple have ever had a pregnancy which led to a live birth. Furthermore, an immunological cause in the cervical mucus is possible.

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After in vitro fertilization, your doctor transfers the fertilized eggs into your uterus.Causes of Infertility A problem in any one of a number of key processes can result in infertility. Its use has been extended to assisted reproduction technologies. But anything within a few days of that can be considered normal, as long as those cycles are consistent.

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Affected individuals displayed more severe forms of infertility such as azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.[27] Other causes[edit] Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are: DNA damage DNA damage reduces fertility in female ovocytes, as caused by smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as radiation or chemotherapy)[29] or accumulation of the oxidative DNA damage 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine[30] DNA damage reduces fertility in male sperm, as caused by oxidative DNA damage,[31] smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as drugs or chemotherapy)[32] or other DNA damaging agents including reactive oxygen species, fever or high testicular temperature.[33] The damaged DNA related to infertility manifests itself by the increased susceptibility to denaturation inducible by heat or acid [34] or by the presence of double-strand breaks that can be detected by the TUNEL assay.[35] General factors Diabetes mellitus,[36][37] thyroid disorders,[38] undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease,[39][40][41][42] adrenal disease[43] Hypothalamic-pituitary factors Hyperprolactinemia Hypopituitarism The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies is associated with an increased risk of unexplained subfertility with an odds ratio of 1. Instruments can be introduced through the hysteroscope, allowing the surgeon to remove or correct any anatomic abnormalities. Hypospadias affects about 1 in every 500 newborn boys. Effectiveness of the postcoital test: randomised controlled trial. Submucosal fibroids: Benign or non-cancerous tumors occur in the muscular wall of the uterus. Endocrine tests to check concentrations of the hormones testosterone, FSH and LH. The use of Epididymal and Testicular Spermatozoa for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: The Genetic Implications for Male Infertility. (PDF, 8 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Endometriosis can only be confirmed by surgery, usually laparoscopy. A history of pelvic infections or sexually transmitted diseases: Sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, can cause inflammation and permanent scarring of the fallopian tubes. Surgery or embolization for varicoceles in subfertile men. Primary sterility exists when the couple has never fallen pregnant and secondary sterility when the issue arises following one successful pregnancy but no further pregnancies. Absence of the main sperm pipeline known as the vas deferens. Kidney Transplantation in Inbred Rats. (PDF, 6 MB) The American Journal of Surgery, 1973. Some women are infertile because their ovaries do not mature and release eggs. The problem is getting the sperm where they need to go. When Predictions Don’t Predict. (PDF, 549 KB) The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1991.