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Controversy exists regarding whether to routinely repair an adolescent varicocele not associated with testicular atrophy. If you and your partner agree, extra embryos can be frozen and saved to use later. Several days later, embryos -- or fertilized eggs -- get put back into your uterus with a device called an intrauterine insemination catheter. Gerrits T, Shaw M (2010). "Biomedical infertility care in sub-Saharan Africa: a social science review of current practices, experiences and view points". Ejaculation disorders: If the ejaculatory ducts are blocked, semen may be ejaculated into the bladder Hormonal imbalance: Hypogonadism, for example, can lead to a testosterone deficiency.

For one, don’t do things to hurt your chances to have viable sperm — marijuana, cocaine, tobacco, and more than two alcoholic drinks a day harm sperm production, says Ross. Vasoepididymostomy to the Head of the Epididymis: Recovery of Normal Spermatozoal Motility. (PDF, 3 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1980. Treatment[edit] Treatment depends on the cause of infertility, but may include counselling, fertility treatments, which include in vitro fertilization. Blockage of the ejaculatory duct: Sperm can be extracted directly from the testicles and injected into an egg in the laboratory.

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The WHO lower reference limit (5th percentile) is 15 million sperm per mL, or 39 million sperm per ejaculate. Etiologies include cysts (midline and eccentric), ductal calcification and stones, postinfectious, and postoperative. Luciano AA, Peluso J, Koch EI, Maier D, Kuslis S, Davison E. For unknown reasons, as women age, egg numbers decrease at a rapid rate.

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Testicle pain or swelling There are several different conditions that could lead to pain or swelling in the testicles, many of which could contribute to infertility. One of the requirements for this procedure is that a woman should have at least 1 undamaged fallopian tube. Physical examination reveals gynecomastia, small testis, and eunuchoid body habitus due to delayed puberty. 5 percent of infertile men and may be controlled by medications like decongestants which contract the bladder sphincter or surgical reconstruction of the bladder neck can restore normal ejaculation.

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The main approach to correcting or removing these uterine abnormalities is by hysteroscopy, a surgical method by which a narrow scope with a camera is placed within the uterine cavity. An adequate semen analysis includes the following: Volume (1. There are also a number of sperm production problems that can contribute to infertility, including: Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles)  Scrotal varicose veins (varicoceles) are swollen veins causing your testicles to get hotter and affect the production of sperm  These are treated with surgery  Testicular injury   Serious trauma to the testicles such as becoming twisted (torsion) can affect sperm production  Damage from playing sports or an accident can rupture the vessels that supply blood to the testicles  Previous injuries can’t be treated, but an ART treatment may help you to conceive Undescended testicles  In the uterus, baby boys’ testicles form in their abdomen and descend into their scrotum shortly before birth  Some men’s testicles don’t descend before they are born (cryptorchidism), although in these cases they usually drop in the first six months after birth  If left untreated, undescended testicles can affect fertility Testicular cancer  This happens when a malignant tumour in the testicle destroys testicular tissue  If undetected, testicular cancer can spread to other parts of the body  This is treated either by surgery, medication, radiotherapy or chemotherapy  However, cancer therapy can also damage sperm production  Genetic defects  Sometimes, genetic information on the Y chromosome (which is only present in men) is deleted (micro-deletions),6 which can reduce the production of sperm  Depending on where the micro-deletion is on the chromosome, this may be treated by surgically extracting sperm from part of your reproductive tract  However, some couples may need to consider using a donor sperm to conceive Mumps Contracting mumps (or mumps-related orchitis) after puberty may damage the sperm-producing cells in your testicles,  causing infertility or subfertility7 Usually, only one testicle is affected and if you have one functioning testicle you may not need treatment  However, some couples may need to use a sperm donor in order to conceive Anti-sperm antibodies  Anti-sperm antibodies are large proteins in your blood that are hostile to sperm  They can cause sperm to clump together and prevent them from swimming, or they may mistake sperm cells for an infection and try to destroy them  This can be treated using an ART treatment   Lifestyle   Sperm production can be affected by a range of lifestyle factors, including smoking, drinking, drugs, stress, overweight and unhealthy food Environmental factors can also affect your sperm quality, including overheating of your testicles, some sexual lubricants, the chemicals involved in certain manufacturing, painting or printing jobs   These factors are treated by making lifestyle changes, such as wearing loose clothing to avoid overheating Hormonal problems  Hormonal problems are rarely the cause of male infertility problems  However, some men have a natural deficiency in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), which prevents the testicles from producing testosterone or developing healthy sperm  Hormonal problems can usually be treated with medication Obstruction problems Blocked sperm ducts  Occasionally, male sperm ducts (epididymis and vas deferens) can become blocked, meaning that your semen doesn’t contain any sperm  This can be treated with surgery, or sperm may be surgically extracted from part of your reproductive tract  Vasectomy  Some men have had a previous vasectomy to stop them being able to conceive  This can sometimes be reversed using surgery  The procedure’s success depends on how long ago your vasectomy was performed  Previous infections  Infections can cause scarring or adhesions (organs sticking together) in your sperm ducts  This can usually be treated with surgery  Does age affect male fertility? Several methods are available to detect antisperm antibodies, such as radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but the most specific test is the immunobead test. A mouse study has suggested that ingredients in some household detergents may reduce fertility. This procedure is performed in the doctor’s office without anesthesia. Diagnosis Most people will visit a physician if there is no pregnancy after 12 months of trying. Sermondade N, Faure C, Fezeu L, Lévy R, Czernichow S; Obesity-Fertility Collaborative Group. There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus the more common, open procedure. The typical indication is the oligoasthenoteratozoospermia here.