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Other causes of ovulation disorders include ovarian insufficiency and hypothalamic amenorrhea. Group II: hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction (predominately polycystic ovary syndrome). Other conditions that affect the quality and quantity of sperm include: Primary testicular failure. Microsurgery for Vasectomy Reversal and Vasoepididymostomy. (PDF, 13 MB) Urology, 1984.

For example, endometriosis can cause infertility with the growth of endometrial tissue in the Fallopian tubes or around the ovaries. A needle biopsy of the testicle can show whether a man is making healthy sperm. They may benefit from referral to a physician comfortable with prescribing pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone or gonadotropins with luteinizing hormone activity to induce ovulation. Being obese or overweight: This can increase the risk of infertility in women as well as men.

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A variety of disorders ranging from hormonal disturbances to physical problems, to psychological problems can cause male infertility.  Although many treatment options are now available, in many cases treatment will not work.  In many instances, male infertility is caused by testicular damage resulting in an inability of the testicle to produce sperm.  Once damaged, the testicle will not usually regain its sperm-making capabilities; this aspect of male infertility is analogous to menopause (though not natural like menopause) for women and cannot usually be treated.  Despite medicine�s limited ability to treat male infertility, many successful treatment options are available for its many causes.  Besides testicular damage, the main causes of male infertility are low sperm production and poor sperm quality.   The Causes of Male Infertility Male infertility has many causes--from hormonal imbalances, to physical problems, to psychological and/or behavioral problems.  Moreover, fertility reflects a man�s �overall� health.  Men who live a healthy lifestyle are more likely to produce healthy sperm.  The following list highlights some lifestyle choices that negatively impact male fertility--it is not all-inclusive: · Smoking--significantly decreases both sperm count and sperm cell motility. · Prolonged use of marijuana and other recreational drugs. · Chronic alcohol abuse. · Anabolic steroid use--causes testicular shrinkage and infertility. · Overly intense exercise--produces high levels of adrenal steroid hormones which cause a    testosterone deficiency resulting in infertility. · Inadequate vitamin C and Zinc in the diet. · Tight underwear--increases scrotal temperature which results in decreased sperm production. · Exposure to environmental hazards and toxins such as pesticides, lead, paint, radiation, radioactive   substances, mercury,  benzene, boron, and heavy metals · Malnutrition and anemia. · Excessive stress! Secondary fertility involves one or both partners who have conceived previously, but are now unable to do so because of a possible physical or medical condition impairing fertility. Radiation therapy: If this is aimed near the reproductive organs, it can increase the risk of fertility problems.

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There is a consistent association of Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract syndromes. Successful Vitrification of Bovine and Human Ovarian Tissue. (PDF, 3 MB) Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 2009.

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Whether it should be corrected in cases of primary infertility is controversial. Prozac and other SSRIs, Propecia).  Luckily, many treatment options exist for ED depending on the cause--these will be discussed in the treatment section. Counseling about options should be offered to couples who are not physically able to conceive (i.e., same-sex couples or persons lacking reproductive organs). Once patients desire to have children, they proceed with stimulation of the ovaries, oocyte aspiration, and in vitro fertilization, but the embryos are transferred to a gestational carrier (see In Vitro Fertilization). 8,46 Obesity impairs fertility and the response to fertility treatments, including in vitro fertilization; therefore, it is advisable to counsel patients who are obese to lose weight before conception or infertility treatments. 9 Because anxiety over infertility may cause increased stress and decreased libido, further compounding the problem, formal counseling is encouraged for couples experiencing infertility.