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After their release from the Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, the spermatids successively pass through the tubuli recti, rete testis, ductuli efferentes, and, finally, the epididymis (see image below). Follicular puncture Embryo transfer Ovarian stimulation Postcoital test In-vitro cultivation 3. Medication. If you have ovulation problems, you may be prescribed drugs such as clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene), gonadotropins (such as Gonal-F, Follistim, Humegon and Pregnyl), or letrozole. Frustratingly, sometimes there may be no clear reason and you may be diagnosed with unexplained infertility. Vasectomy and its Microsurgical Reversal. (PDF, 17 MB) Urologic Clinics of North America, 1978.

In these cases the duration of the infertility is the best parameter by which to judge the chances of future natural conception; the longer the time of infertility then the sooner intervention should be considered.Summary Infertility is a term doctors use if a man hasn't been able to get a woman pregnant after at least one year of trying. 10 Data Sources: A PubMed search was completed using the key terms infertility, subfertility, treatment, etiology, and diagnosis. Sperm are then collected, washed, and added to the eggs in the dish. Many uterine and tubal abnormalities detected by the HSG can be surgically corrected. World Health Organization[edit] The World Health Organization defines infertility as follows:[10] United States[edit] One definition of infertility that is frequently used in the United States by reproductive endocrinologists, doctors who specialize in infertility, to consider a couple eligible for treatment is: a woman under 35 has not conceived after 12 months of contraceptive-free intercourse. A British study found that patients valued primary care physicians who were well informed about infertility and the treatment process.

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Sermondade N, Faure C, Fezeu L, Lévy R, Czernichow S; Obesity-Fertility Collaborative Group. Arcuate uterus In general, an arcuate uterus does not cause infertility. In these cases the duration of the infertility is the best parameter by which to judge the chances of future natural conception; the longer the time of infertility then the sooner intervention should be considered.Summary Infertility is a term doctors use if a man hasn't been able to get a woman pregnant after at least one year of trying. Unicornuate uterus is associated with renal abnormalities including absence of a kidney or presence of a pelvic kidney; this occurs in 15% of cases. Between 45 and 50 percent of cases are thought to stem from factors that affect the man. It is a new opportunity, not only for partners with lack of gamets, but also for homosexuals and single people who wants to have offspring.

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Microsurgery for the Undescended Testicle. (PDF, 5 MB) Urologic Clinics of North America, 1982. A woman of reproductive age who has not conceived after 1 year of unprotected vaginal sexual intercourse, in the absence of any known cause of infertility. Specific surgical instruments used in a laparoscopic surgery include forceps, scissors, probes, dissectors, hooks, and retractors.

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The types of ART include: In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) Another ART procedure – Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) – is used mainly in cases of male infertility to treat couples who cannot achieve fertilization due to the male partner’s extremely low number of normal, viable sperm. If a blockage is present, surgery may be necessary. According to the literature survey, the most common causes of infertility are: male factor [5,7-9,13-15] such as sperm abnormalities [9,13,15], female factor [7-9,14-16] such as ovulation dysfunction [7,8] and tubal pathology [7-9], combined male and female factors [7,9,14,15] and unexplained infertility; where no obvious cause could be detected [7-9]. 2012;27(8):2396–2404.   Want to use this article elsewhere? Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Chlamydia can damage the fallopian tubes in a woman and cause inflammation in a man's scrotum. As the duration of treatment prolonged, psychological suffering is likely to increase [6]. The facilities available and the skills of personnel are the major determining factors for the success rate. On Regenerating the Ovary and Generating Controversy. (PDF, 37 KB) Cell, 2005. Hormonal Problems A small percentage of male infertility is caused by hormonal problems.  The hypothalamus-pituitary endocrine system regulates the chain of hormonal events that enables testes to produce and effectively disseminate sperm.  Several things can go wrong with the hypothalamus-pituitary endocrine system: · The brain can fail to release gonadotrophic-releasing hormone (GnRH) properly.  GnRH stimulates   the hormonal pathway that causes testosterone synthesis and sperm production.  A disruption in   GnRH release leads to a lack of testosterone and a cessation in sperm production. · The pituitary can fail to produce enough lutenizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone   (FSH) to stimulate the testes and testosterone/sperm production.  LH and FSH are intermediates   in the hormonal pathway responsible for testosterone and sperm production. · The testes� Leydig cells may not produce testosterone in response to LH stimulation. · A male may produce other hormones and chemical compounds which interfere with the   sex-hormone balance. Antibodies that attack sperm Anti-sperm antibodies are immune system cells that mistakenly identify sperm as harmful invaders and attempt to eliminate them.