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CASA measures the following parameters: Curvilinear velocity – The average distance per unit time between successive sperm positions) Straight-line velocity – The speed of forward direction Linearity – The straight-line velocity divided by the curvilinear velocity In addition, the program measures the average path velocity, the amplitude of lateral head displacement, and the flagellar beat frequency, and it is used to evaluate for evidence of hyperactivation. Sperm retrieval for azoospermia and intracytoplasmic sperm injection success rates – A personal overview. (PDF, 1 MB) Human Fertility, 2010. The resulting sperm count (also called spermiogram) allows identifying various pathologies. There may be testicular malformations, hormone imbalance, or blockage of the man's duct system. That is why a complete build-up of the endometrial mucosa is not possible anymore.

She will also undergo a gynecologic examination and a number of tests: Laparoscopy involves inserting a thin tube with a camera on to investigate and possibly remove unwanted tissue. Obstructions in the sperm transport plumbing can sometimes be surgically corrected. It is better for a couple to see the doctor together. Other testing may be needed based on circumstances, including testicular biopsy, genetic testing, and imaging (Table 36–8,10,19,20).

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Both infertility and subfertility are defined as the inability to conceive after a certain period of time (the length of which vary), so often the two terms overlap. Donor semen should be free from any STI-producing organisms, including HIV.

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Low testosterone (male hypogonadism) and other hormonal problems have a number of possible underlying causes. Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa are also associated with extremely low BMI. Primary sterility is the complete inability to become pregnant, while secondary sterility refers to the failure to conceive after a previous successful pregnancy. 8,33,35,36 Lastly, in vitro fertilization, with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection, is the mainstay of assisted reproductive technology for male factor infertility.

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MESA or TESA? (PDF, 115 KB) Human Reproduction, 1996. Pregnancy After Testicular Transplant: Importance of Treating the Couple. (PDF, 5 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1980. 2012;27(8):2396–2404.   Want to use this article elsewhere? If oligospermia or azoospermia is noted, hypogonadism should be suspected. Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 733 KB) The New England Journal of Medicine, 1977. These pyramids are filled with the seminiferous tubules. This can help a man who cannot ejaculate normally, for example, because of a spinal cord injury. 18  If the semen analysis result is abnormal, further evaluation is indicated (Table 36–8,10,19,20). The initial dosage of clomiphene is 50 mg daily for five days starting on day 3 to 5 of the menstrual cycle. 33 Use of antioxidants such as zinc, vitamin E, or l-carnitine showed increased live birth rates in three small randomized controlled trials in couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology. For those interested, we offer a free class entitled, “The Couple’s Guide to IVF”, that meets twice monthly and is open to the public. 33 Use of antioxidants such as zinc, vitamin E, or l-carnitine showed increased live birth rates in three small randomized controlled trials in couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology.