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Epididymal Surgery. (PDF, 8 MB) Chapter 8 from textbook, Infertility, 1992. 6 Women with risk factors for tubal obstruction, such as endometriosis, previous pelvic infections, or ectopic pregnancy, should instead be offered hysteroscopy or laparoscopy with dye to assess for other pelvic pathology.

Results of Microsurgical Vasoepididymostomy: Role of Epididymis in Sperm Maturation. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1989. Epididymal Extravasation Following Vasectomy as a Cause for Failure of Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 22 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1979. Germ cells (precursors to spermatozoa) are derived from the gonadal ridge and migrate to the testicle before testicular descent. Women 35 and older should see their doctor after six months of trying. Graft-versus-host Reactivity and Renal Allograft Survival in Rats Given Allogeneic Spleen Cells or Spleen Allografts.(PDF, 2 MB) Transplantation, 1976. Features include a webbed neck, short stature, low-set ears, ptosis, shield-like chest, lymphedema of hands and feet, cardiovascular abnormalities, and cubitus valgus.

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Once confirmed, the male partner is referred to a reproductive urologist, especially if the abnormality is severe. Transplantation of Rat Kidneys with Acute Tubular Necrosis into Salt-loaded and Normal Recipients. (PDF, 2 MB)Surgery, 1975. Open-ended Vasectomy, Sperm Granuloma, and Postvasectomy Orchialgia. (PDF, 13 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1979. Your physician will examine you carefully to determine if you have fibroids and if removal is necessary. For a woman to conceive, certain things have to happen: vaginal intercourse must take place around the time when an egg is released from her ovary; the system that produces eggs has to be working at optimum levels; and her hormones must be balanced.[54] For women, problems with fertilisation arise mainly from either structural problems in the Fallopian tube or uterus or problems releasing eggs. 6) Male factors affecting sperm function: Male factor infertility has been associated as a contributing factor causing infertility in 40-50% percent of cases, and as the sole cause for infertility in 15-20% percent of cases.

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However, it could be the future for the treatment of multiple diseases, including infertility. Veltman-Verhulst SM, Cohlen BJ, Hughes E, Heineman MJ. Temporal relationship and reliability of the clinical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic indices of ovulation in infertile women. Tubal occlusion is a cause of infertility because an ovulated egg is unable to be fertilized by sperm or to reach the endometrial cavity. The use of Epididymal and Testicular Sperm for ICSI. (PDF, 1 MB) From IX World Congress on In Vitro Fertilization and Alternated Assisted Reproduction, 1995.

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0.[44] Environmental factors Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides.[45][46] Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.[47] German scientists have reported that a virus called adeno-associated virus might have a role in male infertility,[48] though it is otherwise not harmful.[49] Other diseases such as chlamydia, and gonorrhea can also cause infertility, due to internal scarring (fallopian tube obstruction).[50][51][52] Alimentary habits[53] Obesity: The obesity epidemic has recently become is a serious issue, particularly in industrialized nations. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy adult, except notably among certain eusocial species (mostly haplodiploid insects). Previous sterilization treatment: In women who have chosen to have their fallopian tubes blocked, the process can be reversed, but the chances of becoming fertile again are not high. Ovulation induction agents increase the risk of multiple pregnancy, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and thrombosis, and they may increase the risk of ovarian cancer in women who remain nulliparous. Also, parotitis o mumps associated with male infertility when it happens during adolescence. In addition, loss of peripheral visual fields bilaterally may be due to compression of the optic chiasm by the growing pituitary tumor. Causes of infertility and sterility in men The male factor is difficult to evaluate because sperm analyses do not always indicate if there is a problem or not. A relationship also exists between obesity and erectile dysfunction (ED). Any condition that interferes with these events may result in infertility. Primary sterility means that a pregnancy has never occurred. The rising number of obese individuals may be due in part to an energy-rich diet as well as insufficient physical exercise.  In addition to other potential health risks, obesity can have a significant impact on male and female fertility.