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It can be done with a patient’s sperm, if possible. Prostatitis can be subclinical or contribute to subfertility and infertility in dogs. Erectile dysfunction Hormonal changes, psychological factors, or physical issues may make it difficult to get or keep an erection. For women over age 35, that timeline is reduced to six months. Temporal relationship and reliability of the clinical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic indices of ovulation in infertile women.

Controversies in OB/GYN: Is Varicocelectomy Useful for Treatment of Male-factor Infertility? (PDF, 4 MB)Contemporary OB/GYN, 2001. Low sperm mobility (motility): The sperm cannot "swim" as well as they should to reach the egg. Fertilization takes place outside the body, and the fertilized egg is reinserted into the woman's reproductive tract, in a procedure called embryo transfer. It has been suggested that infertility be classified as a form of disability.[22] Causes[edit] Immune infertility[edit] Antisperm antibodies (ASA) have been considered as infertility cause in around 10–30% of infertile couples.[23] In both men and women, ASA production are directed against surface antigens on sperm, which can interfere with sperm motility and transport through the female reproductive tract, inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired growth and development of the embryo. The rod-lens based laparoscopes dominate overwhelmingly in practice, due to their fine optical resolution (50 µm typically, dependant on the aperture size used in the objective lens), and the image quality can be better than that of the digital camera if necessary. A variety of disorders ranging from hormonal disturbances to physical problems, to psychological problems can cause male infertility.  Although many treatment options are now available, in many cases treatment will not work.  In many instances, male infertility is caused by testicular damage resulting in an inability of the testicle to produce sperm.  Once damaged, the testicle will not usually regain its sperm-making capabilities; this aspect of male infertility is analogous to menopause (though not natural like menopause) for women and cannot usually be treated.  Despite medicine�s limited ability to treat male infertility, many successful treatment options are available for its many causes.  Besides testicular damage, the main causes of male infertility are low sperm production and poor sperm quality.   The Causes of Male Infertility Male infertility has many causes--from hormonal imbalances, to physical problems, to psychological and/or behavioral problems.  Moreover, fertility reflects a man�s �overall� health.  Men who live a healthy lifestyle are more likely to produce healthy sperm.  The following list highlights some lifestyle choices that negatively impact male fertility--it is not all-inclusive: · Smoking--significantly decreases both sperm count and sperm cell motility. · Prolonged use of marijuana and other recreational drugs. · Chronic alcohol abuse. · Anabolic steroid use--causes testicular shrinkage and infertility. · Overly intense exercise--produces high levels of adrenal steroid hormones which cause a    testosterone deficiency resulting in infertility. · Inadequate vitamin C and Zinc in the diet. · Tight underwear--increases scrotal temperature which results in decreased sperm production. · Exposure to environmental hazards and toxins such as pesticides, lead, paint, radiation, radioactive   substances, mercury,  benzene, boron, and heavy metals · Malnutrition and anemia. · Excessive stress!

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High-cost treatments are out of financial reach for some couples. Treatment The cost of infertility treatment is high [34]. It plays a central role in the multiple imbalances and dysfunctions of polycystic ovary syndrome. The corollary to this is that, by definition, failure to conceive in women under 35 isn't regarded with the same urgency as it is in those over 35. Ejaculation disorders Ejaculation disorders include premature ejaculation, anejaculation (the failure to ejaculate), and retrograde ejaculation, which is when semen enters the bladder during orgasm instead of coming out the tip of the penis. Three regions have been described, called azoospermic factors a, b, and c (AZFa, AZFb, AZFc).[24] These deletions are observed in 3-19% of patients with idiopathic infertility and 6-14% of patients with oligospermia, although up to 7% of patients with other known causes of infertility may also be found to have a deletion.

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Renal failure and thrombosis can occur if the patient is not treated correctly. [195] Some patients have a greater risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. There are three main types of sperm antibodies: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Immunoglobulin M(IgM). Epididymal and Testicular Spermatozoa and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 7 MB) Assisted Reproduction Reviews, 1996.

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Assisted Reproductive Technology: Using Ejaculated, Fresh, and Frozen-thawed Epididymal and Testicular Spermatozoa Gives Rise to Comparable Results after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 5 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1995. Tubal occlusion A tubal occlusion means there is a blockage in the fallopian tube. Females[edit] The following causes of infertility may only be found in females. Earn up to 6 CME credits per issue.     To see the full article, log in or purchase access. As there is surplus medical information everyday that can not be cached by healthcare providers, clinical guidelines created to endorse up-to-date evidence-based practice to improve patients' outcome [6]. Epididymal Extravasation Following Vasectomy as a Cause for Failure of Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 22 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1979. 6) Male factors affecting sperm function: Male factor infertility has been associated as a contributing factor causing infertility in 40-50% percent of cases, and as the sole cause for infertility in 15-20% percent of cases. Endometriosis causes infertility by producing inflammation and scarring, which can result in not only pain but also potentially detrimental effects on egg, sperm or embryo. A small number of specimens have acceptable original concentrations of motile sperm but poor recoveries with the gradient system. Symptoms depend on what is causing the infertility. 48 However, there is no firm evidence that preconception counseling leads to increased live birth rates, in part because no studies on this topic have been performed. The Treatment of Azoospermia with Surgery and ICSI. (PDF, 4 MB) Chapter 10 from Male Fertility & Infertility, 1998.