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Physical Problems A variety of physical problems can cause male infertility.  These problems either interfere with the sperm production process or disrupt the pathway down which sperm travel from the testes to the tip of the penis.  These problems are usually characterized by a low sperm count and/or abnormal sperm morphology.  The following is a list of the most common physical problems that cause male infertility: Variocoele: A varicocele is an enlargement of the internal spermatic veins that drain blood from the testicle to the abdomen (back to the heart) and are present in 15% of the general male population and 40% of infertile men.  These images show what a variocoele looks like externally and internally.  A varicocele develops when the one way valves in these spermatic veins are damaged causing an abnormal back flow of blood from the abdomen into the scrotum creating a hostile environment for sperm development.  Varicocoeles may cause reduced sperm count and abnormal sperm morphology which cause infertility.  Variococles can usually be diagnosed by a physical examination of the scrotum which can be aided by the Doppler stethoscope and scrotal ultrasound.  Varicocoele can be treated in many ways (see treatment section), but the most successful treatments involve corrective surgery. Immotility of the sperm can be caused by antibodies against the sperm. For example, polycystic ovarian syndrome is when the eggs only partially developed within the ovary and there is an excess of male hormones. Ejaculation disorders Ejaculation disorders include premature ejaculation, anejaculation (the failure to ejaculate), and retrograde ejaculation, which is when semen enters the bladder during orgasm instead of coming out the tip of the penis.

The Intra-abdominal Testes: Microvascular Autotransplantation. (PDF, 4 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1981. It will take time until these studies can be available for clinics and patients as a regularity. Calcification of the Seminal Vesicles and Vas Deferens in a Uremic Patient. (PDF, 3 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1971. In men who have the necessary reproductive organs to procreate, infertility can be caused by low sperm count due to endocrine problems, drugs, radiation, or infection.

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Ovulation disorders can be due to: Premature ovarian failure: The ovaries stop working before the age of 40 years. Microscopic Vasectomy Reversal 30 Years Later: A Summary of 4010 Cases by the Same Surgeon. (PDF, 295 KB)Journal of Andrology, 2004. The chance of a live birth following treatment is nearly 50% [25]. The average incidence of infertility is about 15%.

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The woman is instructed to measures her body temperature every morning as soon as she wakes up, before she gets out of bed or before she eats or drinks anything. Today, assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) offer powerful new options. They can include: Changes in hair growth Changes in sexual desire Pain, lump, or swelling in the testicles Problems with erections and ejaculation Small, firm testicles   When to See the Doctor If you are under 35 and have been trying to get pregnant without success for a year, see your doctor. Optimal sperm conditions Although only one sperm is needed to fertilise your partner’s egg, the enzymes from multiple sperm are needed to break down the egg’s protective barrier. Thyroid problems: An overactive or underactive thyroid gland can lead to a hormonal imbalance.

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The predictive value of hysterosalpingography for tubal and peritoneal infertility factors. Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. The severity usually depends on how near to the testicles the radiation was aimed. IVF and other fertility treatments have resulted in an increase in multiple births, provoking ethical analysis because of the link between multiple pregnancies, premature birth, and a host of health problems. 6 The initial history should cover menstrual history, timing and frequency of intercourse, previous use of contraception, previous pregnancies and outcomes, pelvic infections, medication use, occupational exposures, substance abuse, alcohol intake, tobacco use, and previous surgery on reproductive organs. 9 Because anxiety over infertility may cause increased stress and decreased libido, further compounding the problem, formal counseling is encouraged for couples experiencing infertility. This may be used if IVF has not been effective, if there has been poor embryo growth rate, and if the woman is older. If too many embryos develop, one or more can be removed. Not being able to ovulate because of hormonal imbalance.Fertility Articles – PDF Archive | Infertility Center If you have any questions, you may call us at  (314) 576-1400. Affected individuals displayed more severe forms of infertility such as azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.[27] Other causes[edit] Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are: DNA damage DNA damage reduces fertility in female ovocytes, as caused by smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as radiation or chemotherapy)[29] or accumulation of the oxidative DNA damage 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine[30] DNA damage reduces fertility in male sperm, as caused by oxidative DNA damage,[31] smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as drugs or chemotherapy)[32] or other DNA damaging agents including reactive oxygen species, fever or high testicular temperature.[33] The damaged DNA related to infertility manifests itself by the increased susceptibility to denaturation inducible by heat or acid [34] or by the presence of double-strand breaks that can be detected by the TUNEL assay.[35] General factors Diabetes mellitus,[36][37] thyroid disorders,[38] undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease,[39][40][41][42] adrenal disease[43] Hypothalamic-pituitary factors Hyperprolactinemia Hypopituitarism The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies is associated with an increased risk of unexplained subfertility with an odds ratio of 1. Typical characteristics are ascites and cyst formation of the ovaries.