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Sperm motility Motility is described as the percent of sperm present with flagellar motion viewed on a bright-field or phase-contrast microscope. Some surgeons perform these procedures completely laparoscopically, making the larger incision toward the end of the procedure for specimen removal, or, in the case of a colectomy, to also prepare the remaining healthy bowel to be reconnected (create an anastomosis). Common causes of infertility of females include: ovulation problems (e.g. polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS, the leading reason why women present to fertility clinics due to anovulatory infertility.[58]) tubal blockage pelvic inflammatory disease caused by infections like tuberculosis age-related factors uterine problems previous tubal ligation endometriosis advanced maternal age immune infertility Males[edit] The main cause of male infertility is low semen quality. Unexplained Even after a full fertility work-up, for one in five couples an exact cause of infertility cannot be determined.

This pill generally is taken from menstrual cycle days 3 – 7. Assessment of ovarian reserve This is a very important assessment of a woman's remaining egg supply It is done with blood testing and ultrasound: Blood - day 3 FSH, LH and estradiol hormone testing and AMH hormone levels Ultrasound - assessment of ovarian volume and antral follicle counts Assessment of adequate ovulation This can be done in a variety of ways. Spermiogenic defects may also be a cause of sterility. Sperm retrieval for azoospermia and intracytoplasmic sperm injection success rates – A personal overview. (PDF, 1 MB) Human Fertility, 2010. Antisperm antibodies may form when the blood-testis barrier is breached because of infection, vasectomy, testicular torsion, cryptorchidism, or testicular trauma. Your physician will discuss these approaches to having a baby if appropriate to your particular case.

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Basal body temperatures are no longer considered a reliable indicator of ovulation, and are not recommended for evaluating ovulation. Afterward, the mucus specimen is phase-microscopically examined. Start now with 1,000+ free video lectures given by award-winning educators!Global infertility guidelines: Strategy for development and dissemination Generating practice guidelines The revision and updating of the “WHO global Guidelines for infertility diagnosis, management and interventions for treatment” (1992) and the WHO manual for the investigation and diagnosis of the infertile couple” (1993) was initiated in January 2012. Generally, their response to hMG ovulation induction is too brisk or delayed, and predicting whether the patient will respond easily is not possible. It is often defined as not conceiving after 12 months of regular sexual intercourse without the use of birth control.

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Vasectomy and Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 7 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1978. Additional information regarding infertility is available at .

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Sterilisation Some women choose to be sterilised if they don't want to have any more children. When the eggs are mature, your doctor collects them with a device called a vaginal ultrasound probe. Ovarian dysfunction, when a woman’s ovaries are not producing eggs, or egg production has diminished due to hormonal imbalance, age or other factors. Are Sequence Family Variants Useful for Identifying Deletions in the Human Y Chromosome? (PDF, 377 KB) The American Journal of Human Genetics, 2004. Structural abnormalities in the uterus: these can affect the cervix or the uterine corpus.  Anomalies can be anatomical (septate uterus, T-shaped uterus, etc.) or pathologies that generate embryo implantation issues or issues with how the pregnancy progresses: polyps, endometritis, Asherman's syndrome - synechiae or adherences of the walls of the uterine cavity - or myomas, a benign tumour that generates anatomical distortion and makes getting pregnant complicated (this is one of the most common pathologies but does not necessarily cause fertility issues).