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Hysterosalpingo-contrast-ultrasonography - TVS scan during which air and saline or a solution of D-galactose is infused into the uterine cavity and observed to flow along the fallopian tubes. - Requires more expertise. - Less invasive. Sperm from the head move with immature wide arcs and are generally unable to penetrate the egg, while those from the tail propel forward and have better penetration capacity.

Source : (1).pptx Evaluation of Fertility: A Cornerstone to Improved ... Medicines are usually given to the woman first to increase the number of eggs she releases. Human menopausal gonadotropins Crowe discovered that the gonads were under the control of the anterior hypophysis. [175] Zondek and Aschheim discovered that FSH and LH were responsible for the development of the gonads in immature animals and confirmed Crowe's work. [135, 136] In the 1930s, ovulation induction was attempted by using gonadotropins from a mare, but its use was discontinued because of the development of antibodies. [176, 177] Borth et al demonstrated the effect of FSH and LH extracted from menopausal urine. [178, 179] Gemzell reported the first ovulation induction using human pituitary gonadotropin in 1958, and the first pregnancy was reported in 1960. [180, 181] Lunenfeld reported preliminary results using hMG; however, in 1963, it was definitely established as a real ovulation induction agent. [182, 183, 184] Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG [eg, Repronex, Menopur]) contains 75 U of FSH and 75 U of LH per mL, although the concentration may vary among batches (ranges from FSH at 60-90 U and LH at 60-120 U). 8 These studies are more sensitive and may delineate an abnormally formed uterus or structural problems, such as fibroids. Your physician will discuss these approaches to having a baby if appropriate to your particular case.

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Additionally, there is concern that the stress of a strict schedule for intercourse may lead to reduced frequency of intercourse. If your cycles are infrequent or irregular, your doctor will examine you and perform the appropriate testing to discover which problem you may have and present the appropriate treatment options. Possible problems could be that the egg is not released at the optimum time for fertilization, that it may not enter the fallopian tube, sperm may not be able to reach the egg, fertilization may fail to occur, transport of the zygote may be disturbed, or implantation fails. Smoking: Smoking significantly increases the risk of infertility in both men and women, and it may undermine the effects of fertility treatment.

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Here are some common male infertility treatments. 0.[44] Environmental factors Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides.[45][46] Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.[47] German scientists have reported that a virus called adeno-associated virus might have a role in male infertility,[48] though it is otherwise not harmful.[49] Other diseases such as chlamydia, and gonorrhea can also cause infertility, due to internal scarring (fallopian tube obstruction).[50][51][52] Alimentary habits[53] Obesity: The obesity epidemic has recently become is a serious issue, particularly in industrialized nations. In most cases however, sperm function may not improve and therefore any attempts at pregnancy may require additional treatments or procedures performed by our clinic. Whether interventions before conception or early in pregnancy, such as resection of the rudimentary horn and prophylactic cervical cerclage, decidedly improve obstetrical outcomes is uncertain; however, current practice suggests that such interventions may be helpful. Women trying to conceive often have depression rates similar to women who have heart disease or cancer.[18] Emotional stress and marital difficulties are greater in couples where the infertility lies with the man.[19] Older people with adult children appear to live longer.[20] Why this is the case is unclear and may dependent in part on those who have children adopting a healthier lifestyle, support from children, or the circumstances that led to not having children.[20] [edit] In many cultures, inability to conceive bears a stigma. Laparoscopic techniques have also been developed in the field of veterinary medicine.

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Obesity and increased risk for oligozoospermia and azoospermia. This technique involves an injection of a single healthy sperm directly injected into mature egg. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Chlamydia can damage the fallopian tubes in a woman and cause inflammation in a man's scrotum. A sperm count of under 15 million is considered low. Ovulation should be documented by serum progesterone level measurement at cycle day 21. Renal Transplantation Between Adults and Children. (PDF, 1 MB) Journal of the American Medical Association, 1974. Several studies have demonstrated that an increase in BMI is correlated with a decrease in sperm concentration, a decrease in motility and an increase DNA damage in sperm. IUI is more commonly done when the man has a low sperm count, decreased sperm motility, or when infertility does not have an identifiable cause. Therefore, it is particularly important to evaluate both partners when investigating infertility. In these methods, fertilization occurs inside the body.