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Post-testicular causes of infertility Post-testicular causes of infertility include problems with sperm transportation through the ductal system, either congenital or acquired. 10 Data Sources: A PubMed search was completed using the key terms infertility, subfertility, treatment, etiology, and diagnosis.

A decreased testosterone level with an increased FSH level points to primary hypogonadism. The results of these tests help determine the best fertility treatment. The epididymis is a coil-like structure in the testicles which helps store and transport sperm. Men should undergo evaluation with a semen analysis. Veltman-Verhulst SM, Cohlen BJ, Hughes E, Heineman MJ.

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Infertility, on the other hand, is the inability to successfully carry a baby to term and give birth; i.e., conception is feasible but the pregnancy cannot be completed. Recovery of Spermatogenesis after Testicle Autotransplantation in an Adult Male. (PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1982.

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Affected individuals displayed more severe forms of infertility such as azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.[27] Other causes[edit] Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are: DNA damage DNA damage reduces fertility in female ovocytes, as caused by smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as radiation or chemotherapy)[29] or accumulation of the oxidative DNA damage 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine[30] DNA damage reduces fertility in male sperm, as caused by oxidative DNA damage,[31] smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as drugs or chemotherapy)[32] or other DNA damaging agents including reactive oxygen species, fever or high testicular temperature.[33] The damaged DNA related to infertility manifests itself by the increased susceptibility to denaturation inducible by heat or acid [34] or by the presence of double-strand breaks that can be detected by the TUNEL assay.[35] General factors Diabetes mellitus,[36][37] thyroid disorders,[38] undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease,[39][40][41][42] adrenal disease[43] Hypothalamic-pituitary factors Hyperprolactinemia Hypopituitarism The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies is associated with an increased risk of unexplained subfertility with an odds ratio of 1. Intercourse 2 or 3 times per week may be considered average, although the frequency varies. Quantitative Analysis of Testicle Biopsy: Determination of Partial Obstruction and Prediction of Sperm Count after Surgery for Obstruction. (PDF, 4 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1981. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Synthetic GnRH (gonadorelin) has a chemical composition similar to native GnRH and is indicated for patients with hypothalamic dysfunction, especially those who do not respond to CC. [200, 201] Although quite effective, it is not available in the United States due to lack of use and low demand. Problems in the uterus or fallopian tubes can prevent the egg from traveling from the ovary to the uterus, or womb. Urofollitropin (eg, Bravelle) contains 75 U of FSH.

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It may come as a surprise if you’ve spent most of your adult life trying to avoid it, but conceiving is actually a lot harder than you may expect. Hormonal analysis reveals increased gonadotropin levels, while 60% have decreased testosterone levels. A low testosterone level with a low FSH level signals a secondary cause. Successful Pregnancy after Microsurgical Transplantation of an Intact Ovary. (PDF, 438 KB) The New England Journal of Medicine, 2008.